Winter Hill Transmitting Station - China Beaded Bracelet Watch - Bangle Bracelet Watch Manufacturer

Height

Height

The main mast structure is 309.48metres (1,015ft) tall and has a diameter of 2.75metres (9.0ft). During the period of parallel digital and analogue transmissions, the DTT antenna attached to the top of the mast brought the overall height to 315.4metres (1,035ft), however as part of the Digital Switchover plans, this antenna has now been removed, reducing its overall height to 309.48metres (1,015.4ft). It is one of the tallest structures in the United Kingdom, the tallest being the mast at Belmont with a height of 387.75metres (1,272.1ft), however at 778.1metres (2,553ft) above sea level, Winter Hill has the highest television transmitting antenna in the UK.

Construction

A view of the mast from beneath, illustrating the tubular structure

Unlike most masts, which are of a lattice design, Winter Hill mast is of a tubular construction. Five other masts in England share this design (Belmont, Bilsdale, Mendip, Waltham and the original ill-fated structure at Emley Moor). Support wires, to hold the mast vertical, are pitched at 120 when viewed from above. These are connected at 5 heights, giving 15 supports in total. In recent years, these wires have been strengthened, and 152 metric tons (150 tons) of dampening chains have been fitted by Arqiva (then NTL Broadcast) to reduce the oscillations caused by high winds that were a factor in the collapse of Emley Moor's original structure in 1969.

Maintenance

An advantage of the tubular design is that engineers can ascend the inside of the mast and not be subject to adverse weather, which is a problem on frame structures. Maintaining the outside of the mast is typically performed using a bosun's chair.

The mast has always had a series of red aircraft warning lights but in October 2006 these lights were substantially brightened making the mast far more visible to passing aircraft. These lights can be maintained from the inside, as the bulbs swing inwards for maintenance.

Eight external platforms encircle the mast along its height, these can be accessed from the inside of the mast, and are used to maintain the supporting wires, and the ILR antennas.

Coverage

The station's coverage includes approximately 6.3 million people. Although not the 'correct' television region, it is the preferred region for some in North Wales, mainly because it carries Channel 4 (as opposed to S4C), Five and a much more powerful digital terrestrial output than the Welsh transmitters. The region's ITV franchisee, Granada Television (which launched in 1956), was also on air much earlier than North Wales' franchisee, WWN (Teledu Cymru) (which launched 1962), giving viewers more choice than they would with the Welsh transmissions. After digital switchover, the Welsh transmitters will be broadcasting DTT at a much higher power than present, of which Channel 4 and Five are included in the line-up. However, because of terrain and rough landscapes of North Wales, many will find it easier to stay with Winter Hill (as small local relays will only broadcast a limited range of the digital channels). In July 2007 it was confirmed by Ofcom that Winter Hill would be remaining a C/D group transmitter after DSO (digital switchover).

Output

Television

Digital television

Only digital terrestrial television transmissions are carried from the site since 2 December 2009. Five of the six multiplexes are at 100kw, but MUX6/Arqiva B (on channel 55) will only be transmitted at 12.5kW until September 2011 due to co-channel interference issues with the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station's MUX6/Arquiva B which is also on channel 55.

As principal transmitter for the Granada region, in 2009 Winter Hill became the first in the UK to broadcast digital television in high-definition.

Analogue television transmissions from Winter Hill ceased officially at 00:12 GMT on the morning of 2 December 2009. The stations began to disappear from 23:57 on 1 December, with the loss of BBC One. This was followed on 2 December by Channel 4 at 00:03 GMT, ITV1 at 00:06 GMT and finally Five at 00:12 GMT. The transmitting station now only broadcasts digital terrestrial television signals.

Radio

FM

BBC Radio 1: 98.2MHz

BBC Radio 2: 88.6MHz

BBC Radio 3: 90.8MHz

BBC Radio 4: 93.0MHz

BBC Radio Lancashire: 103.9MHz (2KW)

Rock FM: 97.4MHz (2KW)

Smooth FM: 100.4MHz (5KW

Real Radio: 105.4MHz (5KW)

4KW Relays the signal from Holme Moss to cover South and Central Lancashire

DAB

CE Manchester: 11C - 220.352 MHz (250 watts)

CE Manchester broadcasts from a directional aerial to cover Greater Manchester)

Digital One Network: 11D - 222.064 MHz (10kW)

EMAP Central Lancashire: 12A - 223.936 MHz (1.5KW)

(EMAP Central Lancashire broadcasts from a directional aerial to cover Central Lancashire (Wigan, Preston, Southport, Blackpool and surrounding areas))

BBC National DAB: 12B - 225.648 MHz (10KW)

MXR North West: 12C - 227.360 MHz (2KW)

Plane crash

Main article: Winter Hill (air disaster)

On 27 February 1958, a Silver City Bristol 170 Freighter (G-AICS) travelling from the Isle of Man to Manchester crashed into Winter Hill (also known as Rivington Moor) several hundred yards away from the mast. 35 people died and 7 were injured. The weather that night was so severe that none of the engineers working in the transmission centre were aware of the crash. Several feet of snow hampered rescue efforts, and a snow cat vehicle had to be diverted from the A6 to cut a path for emergency vehicles.

Timeline

1956: Granada Television commences black and white television broadcasting prior to main mast construction.

1958: Fatal plane crash kills 35 people, 7 survive.

1962: BBC commence broadcasting.

1965: Main mast is completed, replacing the old 450' construction, which is removed.

1966: UHF transmissions start.

1968: ITV build the single storey engineering building.

1969: ITV and BBC transmit in UHF.

1970: Relaying service set up with Emley Moor mast.

1974: Local radio stations set up wire frame ILR transmitters on the hill.

1981: Channel 4 create additional engineering building.

1982: Additional ILR transmitter put into operation for further local radio. Channel 4 commences transmission.

1983: Channel 4 set up relay service.

1997: Channel 5 commences transmission

1998: Century FM radio start broadcasting from the main mast.

2009: Analogue TV signals were switched off in two phases on Wednesday 4 November 2009 (BBC Two Switched off) and 2 December 2009 (remaining analogue channels).

See also

List of masts

List of tallest structures in the United Kingdom

List of radio stations in the United Kingdom

References

^ a b Chorley Council - Planning Applications - Ref: 07/00056/FUL

^ The Transmission Gallery - Winter Hill

^ "Freeview set for HD channels". Ofcom. http://www.ofcom.org.uk/media/features/hdfree. Retrieved 2008-10-19.

^ "Ofcom confirms three Freeview HD channels 'by end of next year' The Register". www.theregister.co.uk. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/10/17/freeview_hd_2009/. Retrieved 2008-10-19.

^ "Winter Hill Switchover Dec 2nd 2009 Digital Spy Forums". www.digitalspy.com. http://www.digitalspy.com/forums/showthread.php?t=1173715&page=2. Retrieved 2010-02-17.

^ a b Radio Listeners Guide

^ Radio Listeners Guide 2010

^ "Digital UK - Granada TV Region". www.digitaluk.co.uk. http://www.digitaluk.co.uk/when_do_i_switch/granada. Retrieved 2008-10-19.

Further reading

The Devil Casts His Net, Steve Morrin, ISBN 0-9534503-1-7, The Winter Hill Air Disaster.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Winter Hill

MB21 Winter Hill index.

Info and pictures of Winter Hill including co-receivable transmitters.

Winter Hill photo gallery at www.the-moores.co.uk

http://www.skyscraperpage.com/diagrams/?b2455

Winter Hill scrapbook Section on the stay blocks for the mast

Winter Hill Transmitter at thebigtower.com

Coordinates: 533732 23053 / 53.62556N 2.51472W / 53.62556; -2.51472

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Television transmitter and relay sites in the United Kingdom

Main Transmitter

Relays

Angus

Auchtermuchty Balmullo Balnaguard Blair Atholl Camperdown Carie Crieff Cupar Grandtully Kenmore Killin Lindores Lochearnhead Methven Perth Pitlochry St Fillans Strathallan Tay Bridge Tummel Bridge

Beacon Hill

Ashburton Bovey Tracey Brixham Buckfastleigh Budleigh Salterton Chudleigh Clennon Valley Coombe Dartmouth Edginswell Halwell Harbertonford Hele Kingskerswell Liverton Newton Abbot Occombe Valley Sidmouth South Brent Tedburn St Mary Teignmouth Torquay Town Totnes

Belmont

Grimsby Hunmanby Lincoln Central Olivers Mount Weaverthorpe

Bilsdale

Aislaby Bainbridge Castleton Eston Nab Grinton Lodge Guisborough Limber Hill Peterlee Ravenscar Romaldkirk Rookhope Rosedale Abbey Skinningrove West Burton Whitby

Black Hill

Abington Acharacle Arisaig Ballachulish Bellanoch Biggar Bridge of Allan Broughton Callander Castlebay Cathcart Clachan Cow Hill Cumbernauld Village Dalmally Deanston Dollar Dychliemore Easdale Fintry Fiunary Gigha Island Glasgow Glengorm Glespin Haddington Kelvindale Killearn Kilmalcolm Kilmelford Kinlochlevel Kintraw Kirkfieldbank Leadhills Loch Feochan Mallaig Netherton Braes Oban Onich Ravenscraig South Knapdale Spean Bridge Strachur Strathblane Strathyre Strathyre Link Strontian Tarbert Taynuilt Tayvallich Tillicoultry Torosay Twechar Uplawmoor

Blaenplwyf

Aberystwyth Afon Dyfi Beddgelert Bow Street Broneirion Carno Castle Caereinion Corris Cwrtnewydd Dolybont Fishguard Kerry Llanbrynmair Llandinam Llanfyllin Llangadfan Llangurig Llangynog Llanidloes Llanrhaeadr-ym-Mochnant Long Mountain Machynlleth Moel-y-Sant Penryn-Coch Trefilan Tregynon Ynys-Pennal Ystumtuen

Bluebell Hill

Chatham Town Farleigh Gravesend

Bressay & Keelyang Hill

Baltasound Burgar Hill Collafirth Hill Fetlar Fitful Head Pierowall Scalloway Swinister Voe Weisdale

Brougher Mountain

Belcoo Derrygonnelly Ederny Lisbellaw

Caldbeck & Sandale

Ainstable Ballantrae Barskeoch Hill Bassenthwaite Beary Peark (IoM) Bleachgreen Cambret Hill Creetown Crosby Ravensworth Crosthwaite Dentdale Douglas (IoM) Dumfries South Eskdale Green Foxdale Glencoyne Glenluce Glenmaye (IoM) Glenridding Gosforth Grasmere Greystoke Jurby (IoM) Keswick Kimmeragh (IoM) Kirkby Stephen Kirkcudbright Langholm Laxey Lorton Lowther Valley Minnigaff Moffat New Galloway Orton Pinwherry Pooley Bridge Port St Mary (IoM) Portpatrick Ramsey (IoM) Ravenstonedale St Bees Sedbergh Stranraer Thornhill Threlkeld Union Mills (IoM) Whitehaven Workington

Caradon Hill

Aveton Gifford Berrynarbor Chambercombe Combe Martin Compton Croyde Downderry Fowey Gunnislake Hartland Ilfracombe Ivybridge Kingsbridge Looe Lostwithiel Marystow Mevagissey Modbury Newton Ferrers North Hessary Tor Okehampton Penaligon Downs Penryn Plymouth North Road Plympton Polperro Port Isaac Salcombe Slapton Southway St.Austell St.Neot Tavistock Truro Weston Mill Widecombe in the Moor Woolacombe

Carmel

Abercraf Brechfa Bronwydd Arms Builth Wells Cilycwm Cwm Twrch Cwmgors Erwood Greenhill Llandrindod Wells Llanelli Llansawel Llanwrtyd Wells Mynydd Emroch Penderyn Rhayader Talley Tenby Ystalyfera

Chatton

Berwick-upon-Tweed Rothbury Wooler

Craigkelly

Aberfoyle Canongate Dunkeld Dunkeld Town Grangemouth Kinross Newbattle Penicuik West Linton

Crystal Palace

Alexandra Palace Assendon Biggin Hill Bishop's Stortford Cane Hill Caterham Chepping Wycombe Chesham Chingford Croydon (CH5 transmitter) Croydon (Old Town) Dorking East Grinstead Edmonton Farningham Finchley Forest Row Great Missenden Greenwich Guildford Hammersmith Hampstead Heath Hemel Hempstead Henley-on-Thames Hertford High Wycombe Hughenden Kenley Kensal Town Lea Bridge Marlow Bottom Micklefield Mickleham New Addington New Barnet Old Coulsdon Orpington Otford Poplar Reigate Skirmett St.Albans Sutton Walthamstow North Welwyn West Wycombe Wonersh Wooburn Woolwich Worlds End

Darvel

Ardentinny Ardnadam Arrochar Ayr South Blackwaterfoot Bowmore Campbeltown Carradale Catrine Claonaig Dunure Garelochhead Girvan High Keil Holmhead Kirkconnel Kirkmichael Kirkoswald Largs Lethanhill Lochgoilhead Lochwinnoch Millburn Muir Millport Muirkirk New Cumnock Port Ellen Portnahaven Rosneath Rothesay Rothesay Town Sorn Tighnabruaich Troon Wanlockhead West Kilbride

Divis

Armagh Banbridge Bangor Bellair Benagh Black Mountain Camlough Carnmoney Hill Conlig Cushendall Cushendun Draperstown Dromore Glenariff Glynn Kilkeel Killowen Mountain Larne Leitrim Moneymore Newcastle (NI) Newry North Newry South Newtownards Rostrevor Forest Whitehead

Dover

Chartham Dover Town Elham Faversham Folkestone Horn Street Hythe Lydden Lyminge Margate Newnham (Kent) Ramsgate Rye Turnpike Hill

Durris

Balgownie Banff Boddam Braemar Brechin Ellon Gartly Moor Gourdon Lumphanan Peterhead Rosehearty Tomintoul Tullich

Eitshal & Skriaig

Ardintoul Attadale Badachro Borve Bruernish Clettraval Daliburgh Duncraig Inverarish Kilbride Kylerhea Lochinver Lochmaddy Ness of Lewis Penifiler Poolewe Scoval Skriaig Staffin Tarbert Uig Ullapool

Emley Moor

Addingham Armitage Bridge Batley Beecroft Hill Blackburn in Rotherham Bradford West Brockwell Calver Peak Chesterfield Cleckheaton Conisbrough Cop Hill Copley Cornholme Cowling Cragg Vale Cullingworth Dronfield Edale Elland Grassington Hagg Wood Halifax Hasland Headingley Hebden Bridge Heyshaw Holmfield Holmfirth Hope Keighley Keighley Town Kettlewell Longwood Edge Luddenden Lydgate Millhouse Green Oughtibridge Oxenhope Primrose Hill Ripponden Shatton Edge Sheffield Skipton Skipton Town Stocksbridge Sutton-in-Craven Tideswell Moor Todmorden Totley Rise Walsden Walsden South Wharfedale Wheatley Wincobank

Fremont Point

Alderney Gorey Les Touillets St.Brelades St.Helier St.Peter Port Torteval

Hannington

Aldbourne Alton Chisbury Hemdean Hurstbourne Lambourn Luccombe Sutton Row The Bournes Tidworth

Heathfield

East Dean Eastbourne Eastbourne (Old Town) Hamstreet Hastings Hastings Old Town Haywards Heath Hollington Park Lamberhurst Lewes Mountfield Newhaven Sedlescombe St.Marks Steyning Tunbridge Wells Wye (Ashford)

Huntshaw Cross

Barnstaple Braunton Brushford Chagford Great Torrington Muddiford North Bovey Swimbridge Tedburn St Mary Westward Ho!

Knock More

Aviemore Avoch Balblair Wood Craigellachie Grantown Kingussie Lairg

Limavady

Ballintoy Ballycastle Buckna Bushmills Castlederg Claudy Glenelly Valley Gortnageeragh Gortnalee Londonderry Muldonagh Plumbridge Strabane

Llanddona

Amlwch Arfon Bethesda Bethesda North Betws-y-Coed Caergybi Caernarfon Cemaes Coed Derw Conway Deiniolen Dolwyddelan Ffestiniog Gronant Llandecwyn Llanengan Maentwrog Mochdre Morfa Nefyn Penmaen Rhos Prestatyn Trefor Waunfawr

Mendip

Avening Backwell Bath Blakeney Box Bristol Barton House Bristol Warmley Bruton Burrington Calne Carhampton Cerne Abbas Chalford Chalford Vale Chepstow Chilfrome Chiseldon Chitterne Cirencester Clearwell Coleford Corsham Countisbury

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