Propane Heater Selection, Installation And Use Keeping your home warm during the cold season can be financially challenging to say the least. It is even possible that there are other areas of your house, which you would love to keep warm when necessary, but cannot afford to do this due to energy bills this will incur. Nevertheless, there are other options and this involves complementing your heating system with a storage heater and a...more
Baghdad, The Shining City in Islamic Civilization – Part I Hasan A. Yahya, a writer from Palestine Under the Golden Age of Arab and Islamic Culture Gaston Wiet describes in detail, the civilization aspects of the Abbasid Caliphate . He wrote: "Baghdad, at the confluence of two cultures, Aramaic and Greek, became, in the tenth century, the intellectual center of the world." As capital of the caliphate, Baghdad was also to become the...more
Baghdad, The Shining City in Islamic Civilization – Part II Hasan A. Yahya, a writer from PalestineDuring the two hundred years after AD. 750, the intellectual ferment did not lessen for a single moment. Even limited to the names of those scholars, writers, and poets who absolutely should be known, the list is an impressive one.Even before the founding of Baghdad, whose well-earned fame grew for at least four centuries, the caliph Mansur sullied his own reputation by having Ibn Muqaffa', the creator of secular Arabic prose, put to death for what were probably political reasons. The writer was only thirty-six years old when he was executed in 757. The caliph thus did away with the reputed translator of the Fables of Bidpai, known today under the title of Kalila and Dimna. It is a masterpiece of Arabic prose, whose literary qualities have never been denied by Arab writers.Mamun was the caliph who was largely responsible for cultural expansion. An Arab historian states the following: "He looked for knowledge where it was evident, and thanks to the breadth of his conceptions and the power of his intelligence, he drew it from places where it was hidden. He entered into...more
Baghdad, The Shining City in Islamic Civilization – Part III Hasan A. Yahya, a writer from PalestineThe caliph Mamun was responsible for the translation of Greek works into Arabic. He founded in Baghdad the Academy of Wisdom, (بيت الحكمة) which took over from the Persian university of Jundaisapur and soon became an active...more
Baghdad, The Shining City in Islamic Civilization - IV Hasan A. Yahya, a writer from Palestine The way in which the caliph Mamun kindled the enthusiasm of others is admirable. Three brothers, the sons of Musa ibn Shakir, sought to distinguish themselves by giving fabulous sums of money to collect manuscripts and to bring translators...more
Baghdad, The Shining City in Islamic Civilization - V Hasan A. Yahya, a writer from PalestineAs is well known from monuments and manuscripts, calligraphy was an important art in Muslem countries. The most famous of the calligraphers of the time was Ibn Muqla, who was unfortunate enough to have been the vizier of three caliphs, an honor that earned him the cruel punishment of having his right hand amputated. It is said that he attached a reed pen to his arm and wrote so well that there was no difference between the way he wrote before and after he lost his hand.Baghdad had become an intellectual metropolis, an achievement which was to overshadow the elorts made by its two rival cities, Kufa and Basra. The work of the en- thusiastic translators was only the beginning; there was a very intimate rapport between the Arab writers and Greek thought, and the attempted assimilation was often quite successful.A little later, there also developed in Baghdad the famous quarrel between the partisans of culture stemming from the text of the Koran and the pre-Islam poets and their adversaries, the writers of Persian origin who controlled the administration of the caliphate. The writers'...more
Baghdad, The Shining City in Islamic Civilization - VI Hasan A. Yahya, a writer from PalestineUnder the Abbasids, there was also the social advancement of administrative secretaries, which enabled them to succeed the poets of an earlier...more
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