About Magnetic Testing and Materials Testing

About Magnetic Testing and Materials Testing

Magnetic testing and materials testing are an integral part of industrial operations of the metallurgical segment. These are two different methods of testing namely, destructive testing and non-destructive testing.

Magnetic testing:

Magnetic testing methods are generally used for examinations where non-destructive methods are to be used. These methods are used to detect faults in welds of pipelines and cracks in blades for turbines. The common techniques involved are the Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) and the Portable Yoke or the Alternating Current Field Measurement (ACFM) techniques.

The ACFM can be effectively applied equally in ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their alloys. The ACFM analyzes materials through their coatings. No direct contact is required. On the other hand, the MFL is a tool used for testing steel structures only. It requires the creation of a powerful magnetic field in the steel structure. The flux lines are studied so as to detect the likely pitted areas and cracks. There is an advanced version of this equipment called the Inline Inspection Tool or the MFL-ILI in which the tool travels inside the pipeline and cleans and collects the information. Other magnetic testing methods use multiple sensors to increase the resolution and hence the accuracy of the results Materials testing:

A material may suffer from a number of defects such as cracks, cavities, gas holes, slag inclusions, incomplete fusion, incomplete penetration, lack of bond, laminations, surface flaws, poor ductility, poor resistance, susceptibility to corrode, poor tensile strength, inconsistent wall thickness etc. These defects may ruin the whole production schedule.

A material testing is carried out in a metallurgical laboratory using sophisticated test equipment. The tests include metals and their alloys, both ferrous and non-ferrous, ceramics and polymers. This type of testing is destructive in nature and the results are compared with anticipated values. Similarly, materials testing could be carried out to assess the material's properties of stress, impact, flexibility, UTS, ability to wield, proof load values and hardness among others. Thus, the frame of a chopper or an aircraft could be subjected to repeated cycles of air pockets and air currents to confirm the point of failure under fatigue. A turbine blade sample could be placed under high temperature conditions to assess its resistance to creep.

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