Clothing That Protects Soldiers From The Environment

For military forces, spending extended time in extreme temperatures is detrimental to health unless personnel are appropriately dressed

. Years ago, an Extreme Cold Weather Clothing System (ECWCS) was devised for those in the US Army. Many improvements have been made to increase comfort, health and safety from the elements. There are seven different levels of protection available to provide a wide range of barriers against the environment when soldiers are training or running operations.

Level I

Lightweight base layer clothing is typically worn as insulation beneath other layers of clothing. It provides moisture wicking and provides extra warmth in extreme cold weather. The fabric should be breathable and preferably soft, as it is the layer that comes in contact with the skin. Undershirts can also be worn as a single layer when weather and comfort permit.

Level II

Middle weight underclothing is made of breathable fabric and also provides moisture wicking and added warmth. Also worn as a base layer against the skin, the material should be soft and comfortable. These provide more protection than lightweight base layer apparel.

Level III

When climates are moderate or cold, an added layer of protection is needed. An insulating ECWCS jacket is needed to keep air and body heat in, but cold and moisture out. The amount of exposure allowed at the front of the jacket is regulated by the wearer through use of a zipper. A high collar can be extended and zipped shut for less hospitable temperatures, left open for versatility and comfort weather permitting.

Level IV

Shell layers are designed to be worn over base and insulating clothing. A wind jacket is made for added protection from wind and sand. Moisture wicking and water resistance are two prominent features of the shell jacket. Body armor can be worn on top of this layer without overly compromising comfort and versatility of movement.

Level V

Made for moderate to cold, windy weather, ECWCS trousers and jackets afford extra protection to the wearer in warmth and water resistant features. These items are designed for use with multiple layers underneath them. A hood may be added to the ECWCS jacket for added protection, convenient pockets and closures are available for versatility.

Level VI

When extreme conditions call for extreme protection, water resistant clothing is not enough. This level of protective jackets and trousers feature waterproof and windproof. This clothing is worn in moderate to cold climates with other layers beneath. The fabric should still be breathable and not too bulky or uncomfortable.

Level VII

When weather conditions are extremely cold and dry, this is the type of protection that keeps personnel safe and warm. Wearing these items while sitting still for long periods of time will increase comfort and health levels. Water and resistance is high priority with these items, such as parkas and trousers. A hood on the jacket is optional for wear, but is an added form of protection in temperatures well below freezing. This clothing is not only breathable, but durable as well.

by: Christine Harrell

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