DCEs and DTE Terminal Equipment Cable Standards
DCEs and DTE Terminal Equipment Cable Standards
Cable Standards
Originally, the concept of DCEs and DTEs was based on two types of equipment: terminal equipment that generated or received data, and communication equipment that only relayed data. In the development of the RS-232 standard, there were reasons why 25-pin RS-232 connectors on these two types of equipment needed to be wired differently.
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DCEs and DTE Terminal Equipment Cable Standards.
DCEs and DTE Terminal Equipment Cable Standards.
These reasons are no longer significant, but we are left with two different types of cables: one for connecting a DTE to a DCE, and another for connecting two DTEs directly to each other.
The DTE/DCE interface for a particular standard defines the following specifications:
The DTE/DCE interface for a particular standard defines the following specifications:
Mechanical/physical - Number of pins and connector type
Electrical - Defines voltage levels for 0 and 1
Functional - Specifies the functions that are performed by assigning meanings to each of the signaling lines in the interface
Procedural - Specifies the sequence of events for transmitting data
The original RS-232 standard only defined the connection of DTEs with DCEs, which were modems. However, if you want to connect two DTEs, such as two computers or two routers in the lab, a special cable called a null modem eliminates the need for a DCE. In other words, the two devices can be connected without a modem. A null modem is a communication method to directly connect two DTEs, such as a computer, terminal, or printer, using a RS-232 serial cable. With a null modem connection, the transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) lines are crosslinked as shown in the figure.
The cable for the DTE to DCE connection is a shielded serial transition cable. The router end of the shielded serial transition cable may be a DB-60 connector, which connects to the DB-60 port on a serial WAN interface card. The other end of the serial transition cable is available with the connector appropriate for the standard that is to be used. The WAN provider or the CSU/DSU usually dictates this cable type. Cisco devices support the EIA/TIA-232, EIA/TIA-449, V.35, X.21, and EIA/TIA-530 serial standards.
To support higher port densities in a smaller form factor, Cisco has introduced a Smart Serial cable. The router interface end of the Smart Serial cable is a 26-pin connector that is significantly more compact than the DB-60 connector.
When using a null modem, keep in mind that synchronous connections require a clock signal. An external device can generate the signal, or one of the DTEs can generate the clock signal. When a DTE and DCE are connected, the serial port on a router is the DTE end of the connection by default, and the clock signal is typically provided by a CSU/DSU or similar DCE device. However, when using a null modem cable in a router-to-router connection, one of the serial interfaces must be configured as the DCE end to provide the clock signal for the connection.
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