Developing The Scientific Calculator
Most students would not be able to survive in school if calculators suddenly disappeared from the earth
. Today, these little computers are heavy relied on to perform even the simplest math.
However, these miraculous machines are fairly young. Today the name Texas Instruments is very well known and is a well established company.
In 1954, this company was the first to have the ability to mass produce silicon transistors. They also invented the integrated circuit, known as the micro-chip, in 1958.
This company was also the first to create an electronic hand-held calculator. They achieved this feat in 1967.
Texas Instrument decided to enter the consumer products business in 1972 to sell these calculators. This is the point where people began to recognize the name Texas Instruments and develop a loyalty for the quality of their products.
This first calculator was known as the TI-2500 DataMath [tm] calculator. This calculator could handle everyday math.
It performed addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It has a red LED display and an adapter to recharge its batteries.
The cost of this primitive calculator was originally $149.95. However, after a formal introduction, the calculator was sold for $119.95.
In 1976, Texas Instruments released its TI-5040 model and sold it for $149.95. This was the first desktop calculator and featured a large, bright vacuum fluorescent (VF) display.
This calculator also had a four-function memory. It also had a ten digit display that had the ability to add in commas and decimals.
A year later they released the Programmable 59. This calculator offered 960 program steps and 100 memories because of its magnetic card storage and interchangeable, plug-in solid state software modules that featured 5,000 program steps.
The master library on this calculator featured 25 programs. This calculator was sold for $299.95.
In 1978, Texas Instruments released a calculator that featured a liquid crystal display (LCD). This calculator could also offer 3,000 hours of operation on batteries, could perform square roots and percentages, and only weighed 2.5 ounces.
By 1981, a Texas Instruments was selling their first solar powered calculator. This calculator had the four functions, percentage, and square root capabilities.
This calculator was also considered to be very convenient because it was small and weighed less than 2.0 ounces. It also only cost $19.95.
Four years later, Texas Instruments released the 1985 TI-30 Galaxy. This calculator was designed in Europe to include pedagogical features.
This calculator had an angled display and large colored keys to enhance the ease of use of this calculator. The biggest difference was that this calculator could perform 51 math and statistical functions.
As year later the TI-60 was released which featured 88 program steps and 12 memories. It could also perform one and two variable statistics, linear regression, trend-line analysis and other functions.
In 1988, Texas Instruments released a scientific calculator designed specifically for college students, math professionals, and engineers. The TI-68 could perform 254 functions and 40 complex-number functions.
This calculator could also solve five equations at the same time and had a last-equation replay feature. The powerful and very useful calculator was sold for $65.00.
Two years later in 1990, the first graphing calculator was created. The TI-81 was intended for use in math education.
This calculator could define, save and graph four functions or three parametric expressions. It also had matrices abilities.
In addition, a zoom feature allowed the user to view the graph at varying distances. This calculator was originally sold for $110.00.
In 1991, the BA II PLUS was released. This calculator was intended for use in businesses both by professionals and students.
It was created with the special ability to solve time-value-of-money calculations. It could also perform cash-flow analysis for up to 24 uneven cash flows.
This calculator could also handle many other business related equations and functions. It was originally sold for $45.00.
In 1992, another graphic calculator was released that was designed for college students and professionals in the careers of math, science, and engineering. It has a larger display with a 64 by 128 pixel graphs.
It handled 99 different functions, parametric equations, and polar functions plus a system of nine first-order equations. It can also solve 30 equations at the same time and find root up to the 30th order.
This calculator was originally sold for $130.00. This calculator was compared to Macintosh personal computers.
Since this time calculators have continued to improve and aid students and professionals in their everyday lives.
by: Terry Daniels
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