Household Iron Removal Plant - CSIR - NEERI Technology

Household Iron Removal Plant - CSIR - NEERI Technology

HOUSE HOLD IRON REMOVAL PLANT

Water is having iron content. We have so many water resources. Seawater contains 1-3 ppb of iron approximately. The amount varies in the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans or other oceans. Rivers contain 0.5-1 ppm of iron approximately. Groundwater contains 100 ppm of iron. Drinking water may not contain more than 200 ppb of iron.

What are the health effects due to iron in water

The human body is having 4 g of Iron approximately and 70% is present in red blood colouring agents. Human body is required Iron in diet and it is just like for many other organisms. Male requires approximately 7 mg iron on a daily basis, whereas female requires 11 mg. The difference is determined by menstrual cycles.

For example, if haemochromatose patients absorbed the high concentrations of iron, iron is stored in the pancreas, the liver, the spleen and the heart. This may damage these vital organs. Healthy people are generally not affected by iron overdose, which is also generally rare. It may occur when one drinks water with iron concentrations over 200 ppm.

Iron compounds may have a more serious effect upon health. Water soluble binary iron compounds such as FeCl2 and FeSO4 may cause toxic effects upon concentrations exceeding 200 mg, and are lethal for adults upon doses of 10-50 g.

Water purification methods to remove iron from water

Iron removal from water is mostly done in drinking water preparation, because mineral water contains high amounts of iron ions. These influence water colour, odour and turbidity.

All wastewaters contain more iron content. Iron removal in wastewater may be achieved by oxidation of binary iron to tertiary iron. Hydrolysis causes flake formation and these flakes can be removed by sand filtration. By adding oxygen or other oxidants like chlorine or potassium permanganate, Oxidation may be achieved in the water. The reaction rate depends upon pH values, and is slower under acidic than under alkalic conditions. To speed up the reaction under acidic conditions, the water may be aerated for carbon dioxide removal and pH recovery. The total reaction causes acid formation and thereby diminishes itself. Iron is often reduced together with manganese.

CSIR - NEERI Technology for Iron Removal in Water

Recently I visited CSIR technofest 2010 showcased by Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, New Delhi, at India International Trade Fair in New Delhi, the Capital of India. In this technofest, I have seen a technology "Household Iron Removal Plant" which was developed by NEERI (National Environmental Engineering Research Institute), Nagpur, under the aegis of CSIR, New Delhi, India.

NEERI has developed a simple portable Household Iron Removal Plant. This plant works on the principle of Oxidation of Iron by chemical and removal of precipitated Iron by sand filtration. Filtered water with iron concentration less than 0.2 mg/lit. is obtained & used for domestic purposes. The design & construction is similar to that of NEERI-ZAR and having 2 100L vessels for filtration of water.

NEERI had already installed household Iron Removal Unit in Todoba Tiger Reserve Area of India.

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