Immobilized Cell Technology For Wastewater Treatment Research - Immobilized Cell Technology, Waste

Water Industry Network HC : Abstract: This paper introduces the preparation method

of immobilized cells, plant body characteristics, response characteristics of the immobilization technique in wastewater treatment and point out that the immobilized cell technology development.

Key words: immobilized cell; wastewater treatment; plant body

Immobilization biotechnology 60 years from the 2O century began a rapid development of new technology. Immobilized cell technology is by chemical or physical means, to free cells located in the limited space area, making it not remain suspended in the water but still bioactive and can repeatedly use the method. Cells were immobilized with high density, fast response, resistance to poison ability, product separation is easy, to achieve continuous operation, can greatly improve the productivity advantages, and therefore immobilized cell technology in recent decades has been rapid development and widely used.

1 Preparation of immobilized cells form Preparation of immobilized cells

way are many and varied, can be divided into following 4 ways.

(1) adsorption. Method called vector integration. It is based on the carrier charged between microbial cells and the electrostatic, surface tension and the role of adhesion to the surface of microbial cells and internal fixation in the formation of bio-carrier Membrane . Adsorption can be classified into physical adsorption and ion adsorption of two. The method is simple, the process of fixation on cell activity of a small, but the cell with the carrier force is small, easy to fall off.

(2) embedding method. It is the tiny micro-organisms embedded in the gel lattice, or micro-capsules is limited space, micro-organisms enclosed in the space can not leave, while the substrate and product can freely access the space. By different methods, the embedding method can be divided into gel embedding method and the semi-permeable membrane-embedded and French. Gel embedding method is embedded in the various cells within the porous gel cells in a fixed way in Er Shi; semipermeable membrane embedding method is embedded in the cells made from a variety of small polymer Ball Ershi cell fixation methods. Embedding method is simple, mild conditions, good stability, high capacity embedded cells, little effect on the characteristics of cell activity. It is the common method of immobilized cells.

(3) covalent binding assay. It is the cell surface functional groups and solid support of the response surface chemical groups covalent bond formed between the connection, thus becoming the immobilized cells. The advantage of the close combination of cell and carrier, easy to fall off, but the preparation is more difficult, and the energy losses.

(4) cross-linking method. It is through the use of containing two or more functional groups, reagents and microbial cell surface reactive groups, flies base, react with amino, etc., so that cross-linking between cells into the grid structure, which made the immobilized grid, the bonding is covalent. The method of microbial activity in response to large losses, and the crosslinking agent used in most more expensive, so the application subject to certain restrictions.

2 carrier of immobilized cells Immobilized cell technology used by carriers directly affect the physical and chemical properties of the biological activity of the fixed cells and mass transfer system. Ideal carrier material should be non-toxic to the microbes, mass transfer performance is good, stable, long life, low price and other characteristics. It can be divided into organic polymer carriers, inorganic carriers and composite support three categories.

Organic polymer carrier is divided into natural polymer and synthetic polymer gel carrier gel carrier. Natural bio-polymer gel generally non-toxic, better mass transfer performance, but less strength, under anaerobic conditions, easily biodegradable. Organic synthetic polymer gel carrier?-Like intensity more, but less mass transfer, cell fixed during an impact on the cellular activity, could easily lead to cell inactivation. Most of inorganic carrier with porous structure, in contact with the microorganism, using adsorption and charge effects to the fixed microorganisms. Its method of operation is to contain certain micro-organisms release carrier concentration of solution, fixed period of time (24h or so) can.

From organic and inorganic carrier carrier carrier materials, composite materials can improve the performance of carrier materials. Lin, etc. will be powder Activated Carbon And Phanerochaetechrysosporium joint immobilized, the results showed that the compound can be immobilized system more effective for phenol degradation of five nitrogen, showing the superiority of composite support materials.

3 Immobilized Cell Technology in Wastewater Treatment

3.1 of Water Treatment Microbial degradation of ammonia and subject to aerobic denitrification, anaerobic (anoxic) and denitrification in two stages. Nitrifying bacteria, nitrogen and slow the proliferation of bacteria, in order to improve the removal rate, should have longer residence time and higher bacterial concentrations. The use of immobilized cell technology could solve this problem. Nilsson fixed with calcium alginate denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas cells Pseudomonasdenitrificans, with packed bed containing 20ms / L groundwater nitrate nitrogen test for two consecutive months, denitrification good denitrification rate 66mg [N] / (h? kg [gel]), the volumetric loading (N total) reached 3.6ks / (m3? d). Yuki Nakamura polyacrylamide embedding method using nitrifying bacteria and nitrogen fixation bacteria, using aerobic nitrification and anaerobic denitrification process for synthesis of two wastewater denitrification test, the results showed that: Compared with the suspension of biological, low temperature Under the nitrification rate (N terms) to speed up the 6 to 7 times, about O. 5ks / (m3.d); nitrogen removal rate increased 3-fold, about 1.5ks / (m3? D); residence time of the original 7h (nitrification 4h, denitrification 3h) be reduced to 4h (nitrification 2h, anti- nitrification 2h), the treatment plant can be reduced by about 50% of the volume of the right. Chou cells such as the nitrogen and embedded in PVA (polyvinyl alcohol), the results show that low temperature, low pH, conditions. Immobilized cells were able to retain a higher ratio of no denitrification activity of encapsulated cells, reduce the inhibitory effect of DO on nitrogen removal, denitrification Immobilization of microorganisms can proliferate.

Seen from the above studies, immobilized cells in the processing of ammonia wastewater main advantages: can be fixed by the high concentration of cells increased nitrification and denitrification rate, but also in the denitrification process can easily deactivated at low temperatures denitrifying bacteria to maintain high activity.

3.2 in degradation of organic wastewater

Treatment of phenolic wastewater using activated sludge in general, but there is sludge production rate of this method is more prone to sludge wastage, handling low efficiency. Immobilized cells on phenol and other toxic substances in waste water capacity is much larger than the degradation of cell free state. Yang cellulose acetate resin with three single-carrier and carrier-embedded composite alginate mixed aerobic treatment of phenol wastewater, and with the same carrier biofilm adsorbed more, when the volume loading (in COD meter) is less than 90k

by: gaga

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