Issuing Warrants To Investors Common Stock Equivalent

When raising capital for a business venture, warrants are a common form of equity that is given to investors

. A warrant is like an option it gives the holder the right to buy a security at a fixed or formulaic price, which is known as the exercise or strike price.

Warrants are often confused with options. Options, as used in the venture capital space, are typically long term up to 10 years. They are also typically issued to employees versus investors. Conversely, warrants act like short term options and, unlike employee options can be traded as an independent security.

In general, neither the issuance of warrants nor their exercise at least by non employees is a taxable event. In fact, in 1984, Congress reversed the earlier position of the IRS that the expiration of a warrant is a taxable event for the issuer. However, whenever a debt security with warrants attached is issued as a package, original issue discount problems are invited.

One type of warrants that once popular, as a financing mechanism for emerging ventures is contingent warrants. These warrants become exercisable if and when the holder does something for the issuer, for example buys a certain level of product. Contingent warrants are no longer used often since the SEC ruled in favor of current and periodic recognition of expense to the issuer.

Like an option, a warrant is considered a common stock equivalent for accounting purposes. And, if the warrant has been in the money i.e., the exercise price is below the market price for three consecutive months, it is deemed to impact earnings per share under the so called treasury stock method. That is, the warrants are considered exercised, new stock is issued at the exercise price, and the proceeds to the issuer are used to buy in stock at the market price.

Warrants are a common financing mechanism and companies seeking venture capital should consider and become knowledgeable about this type of equity device.

by: SIM

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