Micro-chemical Technology

Micro-chemical Technology

Micro-chemical Technology

At present, there are many problems existing in our chemical industry. For example, the equipment is too large; energy consumption is too much; environmental pollution is very serious; operating efficiency is relatively low. It has been a great challenge for researchers to solve all these problems. Fortunately, the successful development and application of micro-chemical technology has the probability to change present situation. Micro-chemical technology can change the property, size, consumption amount of present chemical equipment. There are many exothermic processes with strong reactions in chemical industry. These processes have great danger of explosion. The application of micro-reaction technology can raise the operation efficiency and improve the safety during the process.

The constant renewal of information technology characterized by computers and the development of Micro-electromechanical Systems put the concept of "micromation" into people's jobs and daily life. After two development stages of unit operation and momentum transport, energy transport, quality transport and reaction engineering, chemical engineering science has gradually expanded to microscale field.

It is said that micro-chemical engineering and technology integrate the ideas of Micro-electromechanical Systems with basic principles of chemistry and chemical industry together and mainly study the basic characteristics and rules of the process of design, imitation, production and application of micro-model equipment in chemical industry when the space-time scale is under a few hundred microns and microseconds. Compared with conventional chemical equipment, micro-chemical equipment has many better properties of high transmission rate, high security and easy control, which can realize the constant operation and high integrative and flexible production. In addition, micro-reactive technology has great ability of heat and mass transmission, which can increase efficiency of resources and energy utilization in various reaction processes. Thus, the intensification, miniaturization and greening of chemical processes can be realized.

Because of the miniaturization of feature scale, the development of micro-chemical technology not only creates a great challenge in technology field, but also raises many new problems in the field of science. In the chemical system of micro-scale, the theories of the traditional momentum transport, energy transport, quality transport and reaction engineering need to be innovated. In addition, many macro rules may be not suitable any more. Therefore, the basic studies on things like surface effect and interface effect under micro-scale are more important. At present, the studies of micro-reaction system mainly focus on fields like production process, energy and environment, drug development and biological technology, etc.

Actually, micro-reaction technology has attracted developed countries like America since the beginning of 1990s. Many countries have made research plans one after another to advance the utilization process of "micro-reaction technology". Many institutes have already begun their research on micro-reaction technology, such as Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics. In 2000, researchers in Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics took the lead in doing such research in our country. Now a complete research and development system has formed integrating technology platform of micromachining with the basic study and application of micro-chemical engineering and technology.

It is estimated that micro-chemical technology will be applied successfully to present equipment upgrading, the integration of micro-reaction device and equipment in conventional process, micro hydrogen resources system and personal products in approaching five to ten years.

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