Principal Attributes Of RFID Technology

Principal Attributes Of RFID Technology

Principal Attributes Of RFID Technology

RFID or radio frequency identificationis comprised of three parts, namely a scanning antenna, a transponder or the RFID tag and the reader or transceiver that decodes the data stored on the tag. RFID tags can be of two types, active tags that have their own power source and passive tags that are often referred to as inlays, and have no power source. RFID technology is used where optical reading technologies cannot work or where the number of tags to be read is very high.

The standards of RFID technology most frequently used in the industry have been developed by ISO, the International Organization for Standardization, and by the International Electrotechnical Commission Joint Technical Committee (JTC 1). HF RFID is a first generation short-range technology originally designed for access control and payment applications that were contactless. All passive HF tag systems generally operate at 13.56 MHz with a read range of up to three feet. Read ranges greater than this can be scanned through the use of UHF Gen 2 standard developed by the EPC Global organization. It is built on the basic HF concept and leverages the Electronic Product Code technology. It is the most popular technology for applications like supply chain, asset management, industrial automation, personal ID, inventory monitoring and access control.

The read range gets affected by the size of the tag and the area of the antenna in HF systems. Other factors affecting this range include the size of the antenna, radio frequency interference, the output power of the frequency and data protocol. The inductive coupling used in HF systems makes the RFID tag and reader communicate only through the electromagnetic near field. But due to the quick reduction in the RF field strength, some of the HF applications get reduced to a read range of 6-8 inches.

Before RFID technology is selected the application's environment must be known, that is, whether it is going to be used in harsh external environments. While most RFID tags can function between temperature ranges of 25 degrees C and 70 degree C, there may be variations depending on the manufacturer of the tags.

RFID tags can be used to read the data that has been stored and data can also be updated by writing on them. This read and write facility helps to maintain the latest records of information.

RFID readers communicate with the host computer with the aid of multiple interfaces like USB, Ethernet, Bluetooth, RS232 and GPRS. Readers are available in different sizes and can be chosen on the basis of the application in question. They could be stationary or portable or even embedded in equipment as in the case of on-demand label printing applications.

RFID equipment used for sensitive data applications needs higher level security, which comes with a higher price level. Data encryption raises the cost of the tag as well. HF tags have various levels of security like ISO 15693 that offers limited security to basic encryption and ISO 14443, which offers advanced encryption primarily used in the banking sector to enable secure payments. UHF Gen 2 RFID systems do not offer encryption facilities so the data can be read by anyone using the same protocol. The security this system offers comes in the form of write data protection, and safeguards against tag cloning.

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