Principle of solar water heater

Principle of solar water heater

Principle of solar water heater

Capturing solar energy

The solar collector includes:

A plaque and black metallic tubes. They are the absorber. It is the heart of the "solar system", which receives solar radiation and heats up;

A safe rigid and thermally insulated around the absorber. Its upper part, glass, lets in the sun and retains heat like a small greenhouse.

The assembly is usually placed on a roof.

Transport heat

The role of the primary circuit

Waterproof and insulated, it contains water mixed with antifreeze. This liquid is heated by passing through the tubes of the sensor, and goes to a storage tank.

Restore heat

There, through a heat exchanger (coil), it transfers its calories solar water heating.

The primary liquid-cooled, again towards the sensor, where it is heated again until the sun is still effective.

Store hot water

The solar balloon is a metal tank well insulated. It is the subject of domestic water. The hot water is withdrawn immediately replaced by the same amount of cold water from the network , heated in turn by the liquid coolant.

Circulate the coolant

The liquid circulation can be natural or forced:

In the first case, the liquid coolant circulates through the density difference with water balloon. Until it is warmer, less dense that it rises naturally through thermoregulation. The ball must be placed above the sensors. On this principle are designed solar water heaters "in thermosyphon";

In the second case, a small electric pump, the pump, sets in motion the coolant when it is hotter than hot water balloon. Its operation is controlled by a device control exploiting the differences in temperature: if the probe ball is warmer than the sensor, regulation cuts the pump. Otherwise, the pump is restarted and the primary liquid heats the hot water balloon.

The shortage of sunshine

Throughout the metropolis, we must deal with bad times (winter, spring and autumn, long period of bad weather). Solar energy can then ensure the entire production of hot water. Also, the balloon is equipped with a booster that takes over when needed, and restores the stock of hot water. These may include:

A resistance (electric boost), often located halfway up the solar balloon;

A heat exchanger (Hydraulic booster) connected to a boiler ((gas, oil, wood) located downstream of the ball.

A second balloon fitted with an electric heater can also be used as extra.

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