Scissors - Mueller Check Valve Manufacturer - Dual Plate Wafer Check Valve Manufacturer

Terminology

Terminology

The noun "scissors" is treated as a plural noun, and therefore takes a plural verb ("these scissors are"). Alternatively, this tool is also referred to as "a pair of scissors", in which case it (a pair) is singular and therefore takes a singular verb ("this pair of scissors is"). In theory each of the two blades of the tool is a "scissor" in its own right, although in practice such usage is seldom heard.[citation needed]

The word shears is used to describe similar instruments that are larger in size. As a general rule:

scissors have blades less than 6 in (15cm) long and usually have handles with finger holes of the same size.

shears have blades longer than 6 in (15cm) and often have one small handle with a hole that fits the thumb and one large handle with a hole that will fit two or more fingers.

History

Scissors from 2nd Century Asia Minor

It is most likely that scissors were invented in 1500 BC in ancient Egypt. The earliest known scissors appeared in the Mesopotamia 3,000 or 4,000 years ago. These were of the 'spring scissor' type comprising two bronze blades connected at the handles by a thin, curved strip of bronze. This strip served to bring the blades together when squeezed and to pull them apart when released.

Scissors from the Chinese Tang dynasty (618907 AD)

Cross-bladed scissors were invented by the Romans around AD 100.

Pivoted scissors of bronze or iron, in which the blades were connected at a point between the tips and the handles, were used in ancient Rome, China, Japan, and Korea. Spring scissors continued to be used in Europe until the sixteenth century and the idea is still used in almost all modern scissors.

Early manufacture

During the Middle Ages and Renaissance, spring scissors were made by heating a bar of iron or steel, then flattening and shaping its ends into blades on an anvil. The centre of the bar was heated, bent to form the spring, then cooled and reheated to make it flexible.

Pivoted scissors were not manufactured in large numbers until 1761, when Robert Hinchliffe produced the first pair of modern-day scissors made of hardened and polished cast steel. He lived in Cheney Square, London and was reputed to be the first person who put out a signboard proclaiming himself "fine scissor manufacturer".

Fiskars scissors 1967

During the nineteenth century, scissors were hand-forged with elaborately decorated handles. They were made by hammering steel on indented surfaces known as bosses to form the blades. The rings in the handles, known as bows, were made by punching a hole in the steel and enlarging it with the pointed end of an anvil.

In 1649, in a part of Sweden that is now in Finland, an ironworks was founded in the "Fiskars" hamlet between Helsinki and Turku. In 1830, a new owner started the first cutlery works in Finland, making, among other items, scissors with the Fiskars trademark. In 1967, Fiskars Corporation introduced new methods to scissors manufacturing.

Description and operation

A pair of shears

A pair of scissors consists of two pivoted blades. The cutting edges of most scissors are not particularly sharp; it is primarily the shearing action between the two blades that cuts the material. Children's scissors are even less sharp, and the tips of the blades are blunt for safety.

Mechanically, scissors are a first-class double-lever with the pivot acting as the fulcrum. For cutting thick or heavy material, the mechanical advantage of a lever can be exploited by placing the material to be cut as close to the fulcrum as possible. For example, if the applied force (i.e., the hand) is twice as far away from the fulcrum as the cutting location (e.g., piece of paper), the force at the cutting location is twice that of the applied force at the handles. Scissors cut material by applying a local shear stress at the cutting location which exceeds the material's shear strength.

Specialized scissors, such as bolt cutters, exploit leverage by having a long handle but placing the material to be cut close to the fulcrum.

For disabled people without the use of their hands, there are specially designed foot operated scissors; for paraplegics there is also a motorized mouth-operated style of scissor.

Kitchen scissors

A pair of kitchen scissors

Kitchen scissors, also known as kitchen shears, are similar to common scissors. The main difference is the location of the fulcrum. Kitchen scissors have the fulcrum located farther from the handles to provide more leverage and thus more cutting power. High quality kitchen scissors can easily cut through the breastbone of a chicken and other forms of meat embedded with hard dense bones.[citation needed]

'Handed' scissors

left-handed (left) and right-handed (right) scissors

Most scissors are best suited to use with the right hand, but left-handed scissors are designed for use by the left. Because scissors have overlapping blades, they are not symmetric. This asymmetry is true regardless of the orientation and shape of the handles: the blade that is on top always forms the same diagonal regardless of orientation. Human hands are also asymmetric, and when closing, the thumb and fingers do not close vertically, but have a lateral component to the motion. Specifically, the thumb pushes out and fingers pull inwards. For right-handed scissors held in the right hand, the thumb blade is further from the body so that the natural tendency of the right hand is to force the cutting blades together. Conversely, if right-handed scissors are held in the left hand, the natural tendency of the left hand would be to force the cutting blades laterally apart. Furthermore, with right-handed scissors held by the right-hand, the shearing edge is visible, but when used with the left hand the cutting edge of the scissors is behind the top blade, and one cannot see what is being cut.

Some scissors are marketed as ambidextrous. These have symmetric handles so there is no distinction between the thumb and finger handles, and have very strong pivots so that the blades simply rotate and do not have any lateral give. However, most "ambidextrous" scissors are in fact still right-handed. Even if they successfully cut, the blade orientation will block the view of the cutting line for a left-handed person. True ambidextrous scissors are possible if the blades are double-edged and one handle is swung all the way around (to almost 360 degrees) so that the back of the blades become the new cutting edges. Patents (U.S. Patent 3,978,584) have been awarded for true ambidextrous scissors.

Shears

Although often used interchangeably with "scissors", the term shears is reserved by those in the industry for scissors longer than 15cm (5.9in). Others assert that scissors are symmetric whereas shears distinguish between the thumb hole and the finger hole. Like scissors, shears combine slightly offset jaws to cut material through physical shear, and combine this with levers to apply a considerable small force. Shears are usually intended for cutting much heavier material than scissors.

Specialised scissors

Mustache scissors.

There are several specialised scissors and shears used for different purposes. Some of these are:

Sewing Chatelaine Scissors. Chatelaine is a French term meaning "mistress of a castle, chateau or stately home", and dates back to the middle ages. It refers to an ornamental clasp or hook from which chains were hung from the waist , holding perhaps, a purse, watch, keys, scissors or thimble case. The sewing chatelaine became a popular ornamental appendage worn by Victorian ladies at their waist, but disappeared when fashion changed and skirts were no longer full and long. Sewing chatelaines are now produced and worn as pendants around the neck.

Pinking shears are scissors with a serrated cutting edge for cutting cloth so that the fabric does not fray.

Tin snips are scissors for cutting through sheet metal like tin plate, or galvanised iron.

Pruning shears (secateurs) and loppers are gardening scissors for cutting through branches of trees and shrubs.

Trauma shears, or "tuff cuts", are robust scissors used in emergency medical response and rescue.

Trimming scissors are used for thinning thick hair to avoid a bushy look

Grass and hedge shears are used for trimming grass and hedges.

Jaws of Life (see Hydraulic rescue tools) for cutting heavy sheet metal in a rescue response

Throatless shears are used for cutting complex shapes in sheet metal

Wool shears are used for collecting wool from an animal's fleece

Poultry shears are to cut poultry.

Hair shears for cutting hair as a cosmetologist or hairdresser, or for dog grooming.

See also

Bolt cutters cut through heavy wire and bolts.

Hemostat resembles a pair of scissors, but is used as a clamp in surgery and does not cut at all.

Nippers cut small pieces out of tile.

Pliers used for holding and crimping metal or wire.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Scissors

^ Who Invented Scissors

^ http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~exy1/fh_material/18C_sheffield/ch4.txt

^ http://www.fiskars.fi/pdf/Fiskars_history_eng.pdf

^ Arius Eickert Differences Between A Scissor And Shear Technical Article

^ http://www.canadacutlery.com/product/facts_on_scissors.pdf

vde

Types of tools

Cutting tools

Blade Bolt cutter Broach Ceramic tile cutter Chisel Coping saw Countersink Diamond blade Diamond tool Drill bit Endmill File Fretsaw Froe Glass cutter Grater Hacksaw Hand saw Knife Milling cutter Miter saw Pipecutter Plane Razor Reamer Saw Scalpel Scissors Slasher Surform Switchblade Tap and die Tool bit Utility knife Water jet cutter Wire cutter Wire stripper

Garden tools

Adze Axe Billhook Bow saw Cultivator Earth auger Edger Garden fork Garden hose Garden trowel Hedge trimmer Hoe Hori hori Irrigation sprinkler Lawn aerator Lawn mower Lawn sweeper Leaf blower Loppers Machete Mattock Pickaxe Pitchfork Plough (plow) Post hole digger Pruning shears (secateurs) Rake Roller Rotary tiller Scythe Sickle Spade Splitting maul String trimmer

Hand tools

Block plane BNC inserter/remover Brace Bradawl Breaker bar Broom Brush Card scraper Caulking gun Clamp Crimping pliers Crowbar Fish tape Hammer Hawk Hex key Locking pliers Mallet Miter box Nut driver Pipe wrench Pliers Punch Punch down tool Putty knife Ratchet Scratch awl Screwdriver Sledgehammer Sponge Squeegee Staple gun Stitching awl Torque wrench Trowel Upholstery hammer Wrench (spanner)

Machine tools

Broaching machine Drill press Gear shaper Grinding machine Hobbing machine Jig borer Lathe Metalworking lathe Milling machine Planer Screw machine Shaper Turret lathe

Power tools

Angle grinder Band saw Belt sander Blow torch Chainsaw Chop saw Circular saw Concrete saw Crusher Cutting torch Die grinder Drill Glue gun Grinding machine Heat gun Impact wrench Jigsaw Jointer Nail gun Radial arm saw Random orbital sander Reciprocating saw Rotary tool Router table Sander Scroll saw Soldering gun Soldering iron Steam box Table saw Thickness planer Welding Wood router Wood shaper

Measuring &

Alignment tools

Caliper Jig Micrometer Pencil Plumb-bob Ruler Sliding T bevel Spirit level Square Tape measure

Other

Antique tools Halligan bar Kelly tool Ladder Thau claw Toolbox Vise Workbench

vde

Crochet

Tools

Crochet hook Cro-hook Hook gauge Scissors Stitch marker

Techniques and motifs

Amigurumi Bead crochet Bilum Blocking Doily Gauge Granny square List of crochet stitches Shell stitch Tunisian crochet

Crocheted lace

Broomstick lace Crocheted lace Filet crochet Hairpin lace Irish crochet

Related

Crochet thread Dye lot Yarn

vde

Embroidery

Styles

Assisi Bargello Berlin work Blackwork Broderie Anglaise Broderie perse Candlewicking Canvas work Counted-thread Crewel Cross-stitch Cutwork Darning Drawn thread work Free embroidery Goldwork Hardanger Machine Needlepoint Quillwork Smocking Sprang Stumpwork Surface Suzani Trianglepoint Whitework

Stitches

Backstitch Blanket Brick Buttonhole Chain stitch Couching and laid work Cross stitches Embroidery stitch Featherstitch Holbein Parisian Peyote Running Satin stitch Sashiko Shisha Straight stitch Tent stitch

Tools

and materials

Aida cloth Embroidery hoop Embroidery thread Evenweave Perforated paper Plainweave Plastic canvas Sampler Slip Yarn

Regional

and historical

Art needlework Bunka shishu Brazilian Chikan Chinese English Indian Jacobean Kaitag Kantha Kasuti Korean Mountmellick Persian Opus Anglicanum Suzhou Ukrainian Vietnamese Zardozi

Embroideries

Apocalypse Tapestry Bayeux Tapestry Bradford carpet Hastings Embroidery Hestia tapestry Margaret Laton's jacket New World Tapestry Overlord embroidery Quaker Tapestry

Designers

and embroiderers

Leon Conrad Kaffe Fassett Juanita Growing Thunder Fogarty Marilyn Leavitt-Imblum Ann Macbeth May Morris Charles Germain de Saint Aubin Mary Elizabeth Turner Teresa Wentzler Erica Wilson Lily Yeats

Organizations

and museums

Embroiderers' Guild (UK) Embroiderer's Guild of America Embroidery Software Protection Coalition Royal School of Needlework Chung Young Yang Embroidery Museum Han Sang Soo Embroidery Museum

Related

Applique Crochet Knitting Lace Needlework Quilting

vde

Knitting

Tools and materials

Boucl Eyelash yarn Knitting needle Needle gauge Novelty yarn Yarn Variegated yarn

Styles

Circular Combined knitting Continental knitting English knitting Flat Warp knitting Weft knitting

Stitches

Decrease Dip stitch Elongated stitch Increase Plaited stitch Yarn over

Techniques

Basketweave Bead knitting Bias knitting Binding off Bobble Brioche knitting Buttonhole Cables Casting on Double knitting Drop-stitch knitting Entrelac Faggoting Fair Isle Finger knitting Gather Grafting Hemming Intarsia Lace Medallion knitting Picking up stitches Pleat Ribbing Shadow knitting Short row Slip-stitch knitting Spool knitting Tuck Uneven knitting Weaving Welting

Patterns

Aran Argyle

Machine knitting

Complete garment knitting Fully-fashioned knitting Knitting machine Stocking frame

Knitters and

designers

Nicky Epstein Kaffe Fassett Knitters in literature Marianne Kinzel William Lee Gwen Matthewman Shannon Okey Stephanie Pearl-McPhee Alice Starmore Debbie Stoller Meg Swansen Barbara G. Walker Elizabeth Zimmermann

Related

Basic knitted fabrics Blocking Dye lot Gauge History Knitta Knitted fabric Knitting abbreviations Selvage Steek Stitch 'n Bitch

vde

Sewing

Techniques

Basting Cut Darning Dressmaker Embellishment Gather Heirloom sewing Pleat Ruffle Style line Tailor Gore Gusset Godet

Stitches

Backstitch Blanket Buttonhole Chain stitch Cross-stitch Embroidery stitch Lockstitch Overlock Running Sashiko Tack Zigzag

Seams

Bound Hong Kong Inseam Seam allowance Seam types

Notions

Bias tape Interfacing Passementerie Pattern Simplicity Trim Twill tape

Closures

Button Buttonhole Frog Hook-and-eye Shank Snap Velcro Zipper

Materials

Bias Yarn/Thread Selvage Textiles/Fabric

Tools

Bobbin Pin Pincushion Pinking shears Scissors Seam ripper Sewing needle Stitching awl Tape measure Thimble Tracing paper Tracing wheel Upholstery needle

Sewing machines

Bernina Brother Industries Feed dogs Pfaff Sewing machine Singer Tapemaster

Categories: Scissors | Sewing equipment | Embroidery equipment | StationeryHidden categories: Articles needing additional references from September 2009 | All articles needing additional references | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009 | Articles with unsourced statements from February 2008

by: gaga

POST COMMENT

Balloon - Marble Texture Manufacturer - Green Marble Texture Cartoon: Garfield Cv (figure) - Cartoon, Garfield - Toy Industry - Wood Texture Manufacturer Shanxi Lamp Half Of The Substandard - Full Color Laser Projector Manufacturer - Laser Stars Christ - Butterfly Valve Wafer - Wafer Ball Valve Manufacturer Instrument Industry - Sanitary Butterfly Valve Manufacturer - Wafer Type Butterfly Valve Pep Boys - Steel Cutting Machines - Slitter Manufacturer Lutein - Small Plastic Injection Molding Machine Manufacturer - Small-sized Plastic Molding Machine Oriental Pearl Tower - Ground Fog Machine - Laser Light Projector Manufacturer Underwear Firmly In Control Of The Terminal Agents Effective Checks And Balances Manufacturers - To Charlie Chalk - Gas Compressor Manufacturer - Oil Pipe Manufacturer Soda Vending - Small Plastic Injection Molding Machine Manufacturer - Plastic Injection Molding Manufacturer of 3,5-dimethylpyrazole,Acetamiprid,Silane coupling agent Resmed Cpap- Famous Manufacturers Of Cpap Machines