Solar Power The Converters
Solar Power The Converters
Solar Power The Converters
The regulator provides DC power at a specific voltage. Converters and inverters
are used to adjust the voltage to match the requirements of your load.
DC/DC Converters
DC/DC converters transform a continuous voltage to another continuous
voltage of a different value. There are two conversion methods which can be
used to adapt the voltage from the batteries: linear conversion and switching
conversion.
Linear conversion lowers the voltage from the batteries by converting excess
energy to heat. This method is very simple but is obviously inefficient.
Switching conversion generally uses a magnetic component to temporarily
store the energy and transform it to another voltage. The resulting voltage
can be greater, less than, or the inverse (negative) of the input voltage.
The efficiency of a linear regulator decreases as the difference between the
input voltage and the output voltage increases. For example, if we want to
convert from 12 V to 6 V, the linear regulator will have an efficiency of only
50%. A standard switching regulator has an efficiency of at least 80%.
DC/AC Converter or Inverter
Inverters are used when your equipment requires AC power. Inverters chop
and invert the DC current to generate a square wave that is later filtered to
approximate a sine wave and eliminate undesired harmonics. Very few
inverters actually supply a pure sine wave as output. Most models available
on the market produce what is known as "modified sine wave", as their voltage
output is not a pure sinusoid. When it comes to efficiency, modified sine
wave inverters perform better than pure sinusoidal inverters.
Be aware that not all the equipment will accept a modified sine wave as voltage
input. Most commonly, some laser printers will not work with a modified
sine wave inverter. Motors will work, but they may consume more power than
if they are fed with a pure sine wave. In addition, DC power supplies tend to
warm up more, and audio amplifiers can emit a buzzing sound.
Aside from the type of waveform, some important features of inverters include:
Reliability in the presence of surges.
Inverters have two power ratings:
one for continuous power, and a higher rating for peak power. They are
capable of providing the peak power for a very short amount of time, as
when starting a motor. The inverter should also be able to safely interrupt
itself (with a circuit breaker or fuse) in the event of a short circuit, or if the
requested power is too high.
Conversion efficiency. Inverters are most efficient when providing 50% to
90% of their continuous power rating. You should select an inverter that
most closely matches your load requirements. The manufacturer usually
provides the performance of the inverter at 70% of its nominal power.
Battery charging. Many inverters also incorporate the inverse function:
the possibility of charging batteries in the presence of an alternative source
of current (grid, generator, etc). This type of inverter is known as a charger/
inverter.
Automatic fall-over. Some inverters can switch automatically between
different sources of power (grid, generator, solar) depending on what is available.
When using telecommunication equipment, it is best to avoid the use of DC/
AC converters and feed them directly from a DC source. Most communications
equipment can accept a wide range of input voltage.
by: Yoni Levy
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