The Effects Of Radiation

The Effects Of Radiation

The Effects Of Radiation

Millions of Japanese people are facing their worst fears the threat of the silent, unseen radiation.

Following Chernobyl, the world's largest nuclear disaster, 28 firefighters and emergency workers died from acute radiation sickness within the first three months. It is believed they ran into the crucible with no appreciable protection.

The human body is made up of many organs, with each organ composed of specialized cells. Ionizing radiation attacks the normal operation of these cells.

If exposed to tiny amounts of radiation the body can heal the damaged cells. If a damaged cell needs to carry out a function before it has been property repaired, it will either be not capable of performing, or will perform the function incorrectly, or incompletely.

Altered cells may be unable to reproduce themselves, or may do so at an uncontrolled rate. This can bring about cancer.

All cells do not respond equally to radiation. Cells which divide rapidly appear to show effects at lower levels of radiation, than those which divide less rapidly and are more specialized.

Sensitive blood creating cells (called the hemopoietic system) is the most sensitive biological indicator of radiation exposure.

The blood's lymphocyte cell count will be lowered when a person is exposed to approximately 100 rems, leaving the victim more susceptible to infection. This is classed as low level radiation sickness.

Some parts of the body are more affected by exposure to different sorts of radiation. The thyroid gland is susceptible to radioactive iodine. In sufficient amounts, radioactive iodine can destroy all, or part of the thyroid. A person can lower the effects of exposure by taking potassium iodide.

Radiation exposure at 200 rems or higher can result in rapid loss of hair, as well as damage to the intestinal tract lining, causing nausea, bloody vomiting and diarrhoea.

A person exposed to 500 rems of radiation is likely to die without medical assistance.

Exposure to radioactive material at 1,000 to 5,000 rems would do instant damage to small blood vessels and probably cause heart failure and eventual death. As brain cells are non reproducing, they won't be damaged unless the exposure is 5,000 rems or greater.

If the central nervous system has exposure to 5000 rems or more, the cells can be damaged. Symptoms include confusion, loss of coordination, coma, convulsions and shock. Scientists now have evidence that death under these circumstances does not come from actual radiation damage to the nervous system, but rather from complications caused by internal bleedin, fluid and pressure build-up on the brain.

The early symptoms of radiation sickness mimic those of flu and may go undetected unless a blood count is performed. Data from Hiroshima and Nagaski shows that symptoms may persist for up to 10 years and may also have an increased long-term risk of leukemia and lymphoma.

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