The People's Republic of China's health system - health care, medical equipment - Medical De

The People's Republic of China's health system - health care

, medical equipment - Medical De

1949 10 1st, Mao Zedong, Beijing's Tiananmen Square in the capital, announced the founding of the PRC. In the next 30 years, Mao's China, established under the leadership of the socialist system of central planning. This system emphasizes the development of state economy, according to public welfare, emphasis on mobilizing the masses based on collectivism and the spirit of social equality, and in a variety of services and products distribution were deliberately reduced the role of the market. However, in 1978, Deng Xiaoping, the Chinese leadership to grasp after a shift the Chinese put on another new path: a dramatic start to the Chinese market-oriented reforms, the original public sector, privatization of enterprises and institutions, the dissolution of the rural communes, stress personal responsibility, tolerance of social inequality growth (Hinton1990; Leung1994; Wong1994; Weil1996; MacFarquhar1997; Meisner1999). The political, economic and social changes are a classic "stand up: a village in China's revolutionary documentary" (1966), author of Hinton (Hinton) described as "great reversal" (1990).

In the Mao era, China has successfully developed innovative health care system and emphasize prevention-oriented health care system in the world in a profound impression. This system includes: the development of cooperative medical care system; use of barefoot doctors; the implementation of universal health care plan through mass movements; in Integrative Medicine; increasingly focused on rural health. However, in the past 20 years of market reforms, China will change the existing health system beyond recognition. The focus of medical and health services into health care from prevention-based; cooperative medical system in most of the dissolution; barefoot doctors gone, most of the villages to specialized doctors, many people turn to more lucrative work in; official no longer focus on mass mobilization, but a renewed emphasis on medical technology; the policy orientation of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine into a more dependent; health care resources become increasingly from rural to urban areas. Since 1978, market-oriented reforms, China has a dramatic change in medical and health services, a true indication of the Mao era of medical and health system has undergone "great reversal." In this paper, we will (1) to discuss market reforms in health system before a major component, and its impact on national health status; (2) analyze the market after the reform of health system change and its impact on people's health and medical conditions; (3) to discuss the cause of reversal of health care in China and the world of enlightenment.

Market-oriented reform before health care Liberation of a century, China suffered the ravages of civil war and anti-imperialist war. The People's Republic of China inherited the mess depression, social crises, people in the infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, malnutrition, rampant disease (SidelandSidel1973). In the early postwar period, the average life expectancy less than 35 years of age, the infant mortality rate as high as 250? (Jamisonetal.1984). The total number of medical and health practitioners pitiful, people were unable to resolve a large number of health problems. In the main body of the medical service is the traditional Chinese medicine and herbal doctors, many of them lack the necessary training and exercise, can not cope with and deal with endemic diseases and epidemics (SidelandSidel1973; SidelandSidel1982). At that time, national prevention programs and systems do not exist (SidelandSidel1973).

The face of these conditions, new China health system must be developed to effectively address urgent health problems the people present. At that time, the world's other countries facing similar problems the most common solution is to adopt the Western model or the modified Western model. The main features of this model include: (1) heavily dependent on financial input through the expensive high-tech specialists trained; (2) strong emphasis on high standards of medical technology; (3) treatment-oriented direction; (4) concerned about the personal medical services, rather than building public health programs (LiandWang1995; Wilenski1976). This model has been completed may be suitable for industrialized countries, because the mortality rate in these countries with people's lives and improve healthcare, sanitation improvement and decline. However, for developing countries proved this model is inappropriate. Limited national resources to enable developing countries can not train a sufficient number of highly skilled Chinese and Western medical personnel, to complete a lot of time and urgent medical task. Moreover, once these medical officers graduated from the school, most will stay in cities, rural residents still do not receive adequate medical treatment; expensive medical technology, most city dwellers can only afford; to a very small number of highly skilled medical staff to provide personal care and hygiene services approach can not effectively address poverty in the rural areas in the spread of infectious diseases and malnutrition, disease, flooding problems (Wilenski1976).

New China is different from a few select one of the countries of Western medical model, it has developed a great innovative public health system: after a very short period of time mainly depend on the lower skills can be trained health care workers; development of labor-intensive rather than capital-intensive medical technology; emphasis on prevention and primary health care; focus on the implementation of public health programs, not just individual health concern (Rifkin1972; Rifkin1973; Wilenski1976; Maru1977; Wilenski1977; Blendon1979; SidelandSidel1982).

A very short time after the revolution, the new China put forward four medical and health guidelines (Wilenski1976; SidelandSidel1983). These guidelines set within the next 30 years of New China, the development of medical and health framework. The four guiding principles are:

1. Medical and health system services for the peasants and soldiers;

2. Prevention; 3. Conventional medicine;

4. Health combined with the mass movement.

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