Understanding the basics of acid reflux

Gastroesophageal reflux (or more commonly known as "acid reflux" or "heartburn")

occurs when food and stomach acid reverses from the stomach back into the esophagus. Usually the Lower Esophageal Sphincter acts as a valve and keeps food on its way down after you swallow. Reflux in infants is common because a baby's LES is still weak, as the necessary muscles haven't strengthened yet. Symptoms of acid reflux for adults include a burning sensation in the chest and throat or a bitter, puke-like flavor in the mouth. Some people with frequent symptoms of acid reflux may produce an over-abundance of stomach acid that spills over out of the stomach.

Some heartburn remedies simply involve a change in habits. One cause of this malady is over-eating, which makes it a big problem around holidays. "The holiday season is clearly one of the worst times of the year for patients with GERD," says William Chey, M.D., a University of Michigan gastroenterologist. "The large amounts of food we eat during the holidays, and the types of food served during the holidays - especially fatty and caffeinated foods - can be a recipe for disaster for chronic heartburn sufferers." When we eat large amounts of food, the stomach stretches and the Lower Esophageal Sphincter naturally relaxes. Instead of three big meals or one big meal, try eating smaller meals continuously throughout the day to keep acid production normalized.

If you're a chronic sufferer, there are some basic foods you should avoid as much as possible. Fatty, greasy food can be a big problem, since the stomach needs to produce more acid to break down these substances. You know where that excess acid winds up -- coming back up the esophagus! Less obvious culprits are caffeine in drinks, ice cream and chocolate, which may also exacerbate heartburn acid reflux. Red wine is a frequent cause of heartburn too, as are spicy foods, citrus fruits, tomatoes, spearmint and pepper.

The time of day and post-eating rituals have a significant impact on heartburn and acid reflux. Dr. William Chey adds, "Gravity actually serves as an important barrier for acid reflux during the day. So when you lie down at night after eating a meal, you no longer have that gravity barrier to prevent acid reflux." It's recommended that you try to remain relatively upright for two or three hours after eating. People who try lifting and bending immediately after eating a big meal typically have trouble with too. Avoid tight clothing that may worsen symptoms. Smoking also causes the esophagus valve to relax.

The good news is that people with GERD symptoms can find quick, over-the-counter relief. For the occasional sufferer, Tums, Alkaseltzer and Maalox can all neutralize stomach acid quickly and effectively. Likewise, Histamine 2-Receptor Antagonists like Pepcid or Zantac can be effective, longer-lasting medications that fight acid reflux. However, those with chronic heartburn will want something stronger like Prilosec or Nexium Proton Pump Inhibitors that suppress acid production. Reglan speeds up the digestion process and a drug like the over-the-counter Gaviscon neutralizes acid and creates a foam barrier to prevent acid from seeping back up again.

Now that you know the triggers and treatments for acid reflux, you won't have to dread that extra drumstick this holiday season. Just remember not to lay down or lift things right after eating. Keep antacids on hand for emergencies and avoid that extra spicy treat.

Understanding the basics of acid reflux

By: Martin Mckenzie

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