What Is A Carotid Endarterectomy:

A Carotid Endarterectomy is a surgery

A Carotid Endarterectomy is a surgery. It is intended as a prevention for the common stroke. Put simply, the procedure corrects stenosis which is the narrowing of the common carotid artery by removing plaque buildup from the inside of the artery.

Reasons for Carotid Endarterectomy:

Carotid Endarterectomy is a surgery performed when there is a build-up of plaque in the carotid arteries. Plaque buildup is generally caused by artherosclerosis. Plaque buildup typically occurs at the fork of the Carotid artery; the point at which it splits into two (the internal and external carotid artery). Plaque builds up on the lumen which results in the narrowing of the arterial area.

Pieces of the build-up or plaque often break off and travel up the internal carotid artery to the brain. (These pieces are called emboli). Once emboli break off and travel up the artery to the brain they can block circulation, and even cause death of brain tissue.

In some patients the plaque buildup can result in symptoms that can indicate a problem and/or serve as a warning of the possibility for further damage. These "symptoms" are transitory or temporary strokes that last up to 24 hours. These temporary strokes are referred to as TIAs (transient ischemic attacks). If they last longer than 24 hours they are no longer TIAs but have become a stroke. Individuals with symptomatic stenosis are at the highest risk for stroke. They have a particularly high risk for stroke in the 48 hours following the TIA. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) offers guidelines in which it is recommended that patients with mild to severe stenosis with symptoms should immediately schedule an urgent endarterectomy (to be performed within 2 weeks). The definition of moderate to severe stenosis is any case that has 50 to 99% blockage.

Plaque buildup doesn't always result in identifiable symptoms. Patients who have buildup but are not experiencing symptoms are at a lower risk for stroke then those who have both plaque buildup and symptoms but at a higher risk than the general public. Incidence of stroke is 1 to 2% per year. (This includes incidents of fatal stroke). The surgical mortality rates of endarterectomy is between 1 and 10%. Clinical trials indicate that carotid surgery completed with a 30 day stroke and death risk of 3% or less will benefit asymptomatic patients with 60% or higher stenosis that are expected to live more than 5 years post-surgery. Some surgeons in the field believe that surgery is the best treatment for asymptomatic patients while other surgeons will recommend medication alone in response to an asymptomatic case.

Recovery from Carotid Endarterectomy:

Carotid Endarterectomy procedures require a surgeon to open the carotid artery and remove the plaque buildup. Surgical risks apply. The general health of the patient can make a big difference in estimating overall recovery time required as well as the severity of their condition.

by: Jerry Knight.

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