How Can Water Be Reused

Water crisis is a major concern for the world

Water crisis is a major concern for the world. The ever-growing population and constant expansion of industry is adding to this crisis. The amount of freshwater available on earth is constant but the human population has exploded and not many efforts have been made to meet the requirements of the increasing population. This has also led to ecological imbalance. Therefore, we need to be cautious in our consumption and usage of water. Thanks to further developments in research and technology, scientists have been able to develop various water recovery systems that can help us reuse water after treating it.

These water recovery systems work with a recycling unit. The process includes extracting the contaminants from the used water and transferring it to the recycling unit where it is processed until it's completely clean. The clean water is then transferred to a storage tank. Manufacturers Pharmaceutical companies, food processing plants, construction sites and even car washes can use these water recovery systems. Steps can even be taken on an individual level. The simplest method for water reuse is installing a rain water harvesting system in one's own house. The best thing about such systems is that they reduce the risk of floods.

Proper sewage treatment plants can also help us fight this problem of water shortage. Sewage treatment plants work on the same principle objective of removing wastes or toxic material from water used by households and industries. The sewage treatment can be done by three methods based on characteristics of the wastewater. These can be:

Physical Process: In this process of sewage treatment, no chemical or biological changes are carried out and it majorly involves the removal of suspended waste. Following are the various methods used by the Physical process of wastewater treatment:

A) Sedimentation (Clarification)

B) Screening

C) Aeration

D) Filtration

E) Flotation and Skimming

Chemical Process: In this process of sewage teratment water is treated by use of some chemicals to improve its quality. The various methods employed in chemical process are:

1) Chlorination

2) Ozonation

3) Neutralization

4) Coagulation

5) Adsorption

6) Ion Exchange

Biological Process: In Biological method of sewage treatment, certain micro organism, mostly bacteria, are introduced to treat the wastewater. Biological process can be divided into aerobic and anaerobic methods. These include:

1) Aerobic

a. Activated Sludge Treatment Methods

b. Trickling Filtration

c. Oxidation Ponds

d. Lagoons

e. Aerobic Digestion

2) Anaerobic

a. Anaerobic Digestion

b. Septic Tanks

c. Lagoons

Whatever method you apply, the objective of sewage treatment remains the same, that is, to produce water that can be reused for agricultural purposes, or in any other industry, or can be disposed of without causing any harm to the environment.

by: Veolia

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