The Corded Ware : It Refers To A Culture Chalcolithic
The Corded Ware Culture refers to a culture Chalcolithic (approximately -3000 to
-2200) in its name from its characteristic pottery, decorated by printing strings on raw clay (before cooking). It extends over all of northern continental Europe, from Russia to the north-eastern France and the Netherlands, through southern Scandinavia (where it is designated as a culture of individual graves, and more Einzelgrabkultur north as "culture battle axes").
Friedrich Klopfleisch distinguished the first (1883-1884) the culture of the Corded Ware Culture banded "then only known, and recognize an independent civilization, which he named after the characteristic symbolism remains. Then there prehistorian Alfred Gatze discerned as early as 1891 an initial period and a period of maturity, which he attached the culture Rassen. In Bohemia, L. Pic (1899) estimated that the Corded Ware had coexistae banded with ceramics, while it was earlier. In this he was opposed to Otto Tischler of the University of Kanigsberg, who in 1883 was (correctly) dated from the Neolithic Corded Ware. But it was only 1898 K. Schumacher was able to demonstrate formally, based on stratigraphic analysis of lakeside villages of southern Germany that belonged to the Neolithic Corded Ware and marked the final transition of bronze with age in Central Europe.
The Corded Ware culture flourished between Switzerland and Russia through Central EUROPE Central and Southern Scandinavia. The unity of different peoples who inhabited these regions is lornementation common pottery, the shape of tombs and the use of battle-axes of polished stone. The Scandinavian branch, which is distinguished by its axes naviformes (leaf-shaped boat), is designated as German Bootaxtkultur. These axes are polished stone, central perforation. They may be imitations of certain models of copper axes. In Russia, the culture of the Corded Ware culture is designated as Fatianovo.
There are three major basins cultural practices more or less homogeneous:
-The southern basin includes the north-eastern France, Hesse, southern Germany and Switzerland, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, Saxony and Thuringia.
-The northern basin that can be identified with the potteries on foot, individual graves and village lake occupies the western and northern Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, southern Sweden, Pomerania, East Prussia and the Baltic countries.
-The last basin, one of Eastern Europe, is quite different culturally from the previous two.
While some researchers (called "Immobilisme") see the Corded Ware culture native of Europe emerged from social changes , most archaeologists believe that it reflects a significant population migration from the east. For now the oldest relics, found in Lesser Poland, dating back to the XXIX century BC. AD . But the number of remains of Eastern Europe is still far too small to locate with certainty the origin of this culture.
The burials in mounds where the dead body is buried in a tuck position, looking south (women's head forward ballast and men, to the west) are typical of the Corded Ware Culture. We also find without detailed linhumation sen is greatly altered, some megalithic tombs. The use of new types of burials could refer to the emergence of a social distinction.
Scarcity of archaeological sites has long led archaeologists to consider the men of the Corded Ware as nomadic tribes. Even today, the small number of habitats found sedentary is a feature of the Corded Ware culture, although it also is not different from other cultures of the Neolithic. Lararium and oxen plowing appeared. The wheel is increasingly used (Hungary votive tanks, wheels made of solid wood in the peat bogs of the Netherlands). Remains the most numerous (including authentic foundations, and some wells) and traces of a subsistence economy (cereal grains, dried fruit found in pottery, animal bones, plows, cattle hooves, carriages etc. .) clearly show that these men were not only settled, but they perfectly mastered the techniques of cultivation and breeding. Through their specialization and their technical innovations, they were able to practice agriculture and transhumance.
Several palolinguistes suggest that men of culture of fighting axes are the common ancestors of the Germanic peoples, Balts and Slavs (that is to say the northern branch of the Indo-Europeans, also known as Germano-Slavic), or the Celts Peoples and italics. The warriors with axes are attested from the third millennium in Ukraine, Moldova, the Balkans and the upper valley of the Danube, Aquila invaded three times and where they mingle with people dagriculteurs Neolithic present in the seventh millennium, already civilized, living in villages or cities and manufacturing beautiful painted pottery. But in the current state of archaeological knowledge, it is not possible to decide the point of view with that of the hypothesis kurgan (who favors it, the culture Yamna).
As for the argument that the men ceramics cordae people would have spoken indo-european, it is simply not demonstrable. The debates continue to oppose those who see the men of the ceramic cordee, early settlers of the areas current term of the indo-european central europe, they came dUkraine or danatolie to those who think they were an indigenous people of central europe or northern europe.
by: Laura Steinfield
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