Vacuum Cleaners: A Modern Labor Saving Miracle

Vacuum Cleaners: A Modern Labor Saving Miracle

The vacuum cleaner is arguably one of the most labor saving devices of modern times. The history of the vacuum cleaner actually dates back to 1860. American Daniel Hess was issued a patent for the first vacuum cleaner in 1860, although he referred to his invention as a "carpet sweeper." It did, however, share many design elements with its modern day contemporaries, such as a rotating brush to collect debris and a bellows mechanism, which generated the suction.

This general design concept was elaborated on throughout the next several decades and the vacuum cleaner is continuing to evolve today. Manufacturers continued to tinker with the basic concepts in the vacuum cleaner design and operation. Some early model vacuum cleaners were even gas powered, and large enough to necessitate being left outside the building while the operator used a hose indoors. Early models by a notable American manufacturer even had a design element by which the exhaust from the vacuum allowed the canister to float above the floor like a hovercraft.

For decades, vacuum cleaners were considered to be luxury items, but this changed after the Second World War, when readily available materials and factory assembly allowed them to be affordable to the middle class. The modern vacuum cleaner is operated by utilizing differential air pressure. A fan inside the vacuum body lowers the air pressure inside the canister while atmospheric pressure forces debris into the collection bag.

Although the operating principle of the vacuum is the same, vacuums are available in a wide range of styles. These styles include upright, canister, backpack style vacuums, and central vacuums, in which hose outlets throughout the home allow the user to dispense entirely with a canister and simply carry a hose from room to room to plug into hose "outlets."

Modern vacuum design allows for a wide variety of filters available to the consumer, including HEPA style filters that filter out impurities from the air such as pollen, pet dander, and even fleas and other damaging microorganisms.

Vacuums also vary widely in performance characteristics such as suction, input power, output, and basic design configuration. Modern design allows numerous choices for the consumer.

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