Translation Of Literary Texts
The article is the analysis of translation of literary texts
, viewed as psycho-semiotic phenomenon and based on evaluation of earlier attempts in this direction, and on the results of a psycholinguistic empirical study of translations. Central to this framework is the recent insight that the human cerebral hemisphere functional asymmetry somehow plays a role in structuring the fictional text by its author and in its processing by the interpreter. It is argued that the texts of modernism and post-modernism contain information blocks describing a characters perception of events in altered states of consciousness. This model helps to explain how a translators inappropriate linguistic choice may influence the target language readers aesthetic reaction.
The dual code hypothesis introduced by A. Paivio (1965) serves as a starting point of our investigation. The author claims that while processing a text, the interpreter simultaneously operates with two codes, i.e. verbal-logical and concrete-imaginal. The theory is suggested by a number of experiments that reveal the human evaluation of nouns in terms of their degree of concreteness and meaningfulness.
This dualism of world perception is caused by the human physiology, notably, by the division of the brain into two hemispheres, each having its own function. Works of R.W. Sperry (1968), Yu. Lotman (2004) on the cerebral hemispheres' functional asymmetry constitute a powerful foundation for comprehending the organization of the brain in the matter of information processing. After examining the function of the left hemisphere (in right-handers) the scholars conclude that it processes verbal matter of the text, establishing logical ties between propositions. The principle underlying this process is the analysis of a discrete linear temporal sequence by the interpreter. By contrast, the right hemisphere functions primarily as a synthesizing analogous device, processing imaginal information in a non-discrete and integral way.
A number of neurolinguistic experiments made with patients with a "split" brain show different speech characteristics. The speech of patients with right hemisphere aphasia is rich in words; respondents are talkative and prefer to use more verbs, logical connectives, pronouns and function words other than nouns and adjectives. People with left hemisphere aphasia, on the other hand, despite the established fact of localization of both language production center (Broca's area) and interpretation center (Wernicke's area) in the left hemisphere, have the ability to speak. But their speech is characterized by a lot of interruptions, unnecessary repetitions and interjections, by avoidance of long syntactical structures. Moreover, the specific weight of nouns and adjectives is increased significantly.
Thus, the experimental data on cerebral dominance prove the idea of the divergent specialization of the two "brains". The left hemisphere is clearly responsible for
language, conceptualization and verbal logical thinking. The right hemisphere, on the contrary, processes more "concrete", emotionally loaded information, i.e. images, which accompany verbal information. To sum up, the data support A. Paivio's dual code theory insofar as there exists of physical region in the brain which functions as a processor of one of two codes.
A discourse analysis of samples is used to identify formal and content characteristics of the prose. To reveal the ways of construction of semantic spaces by the first (native) and second (target language) readers in terms of their aesthetic response to poetic texts, psycholinguistic methods of Semantic Differential, an association test along with content analysis is employed. The Semantic Differential is a device for measuring the affective or connotative meaning of words, also widely used for measuring attitudes towards other concepts and objects. The word-association test is a technique aimed at revealing aspects of unconscious mental processes, enabling the analyst to focus on the key areas of psychological significance of a verbal stimulus for a respondent. Content analysis is used for the objective description and classification of the manifest or latent subject matter of written or spoken verbal communications, usually by counting the incidence or coincidence of utterances falling into several categories.
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